粉丝英文怎么写单词(粉丝英文怎么写怎么读)

看时事热点,学核心词汇!今天的文章《粉丝文化在没有监管的情况下存在过度行为的风险》中,包含考试大纲核心词汇63个,和大家共同学习。

一、中英文

Fan culture risks excess behavior without Regulation

Every morning, Chen Xue checks social media for the latest news about her pop idol Luo Yizhou and tunes in to his songs and music videos, which she has already listened to countless times, to help elevate his chart and social media rankings.

The 23-year-old, based in Northeast China's Liaoning province, has done this every morning since she developed a crush on Luo early this year when he was participating in a talent competition.

And Chen is not alone.

She has been actively involved in a 1,000-member-strong group chat on the social networking app QQ. The members, like Chen, are diehard fans of the star and are more than willing to spend big money to vote for him throughout the contest. They also post positive comments online, make multiple purchases of concert tickets and albums, and crowdfund for his billboards.

On Chinese social media, such fan groups are often referred to as fanquan, or "fan circles", highly organized groups of passionate, loyal fans who voluntarily use their time, money and expertise to make their idols, usually budding pop singers or actors, as popular and influential as possible.

The fan circle members are believed to be mostly of Generation Z born after 1995, and their number has grown significantly in recent years. In 2020, about 8 percent of China's 183 million younger internet users engaged in reputation-boosting activities for their idols, according to a recent report from the China Internet Network Information Center.

"The rise of fan circles is understandable because they meet the fans' needs for socializing and self-realization," says Zhang Sining, a scholar with the Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences.

Zhang notes that fan circles allow fans to have a say in the making of idols, because, through their efforts, they are helping their idols earn fame and success.

"As fans, we want to do everything to help our idol realize his or her dreams, and that will make us happy," Chen says.

In reality, fans do help their idols blossom and thrive by lifting their rankings on social media and rating platforms. In China, high rankings usually help stars win competitions, land major roles in movies and TV shows, and secure better endorsement deals.

However, the zealous fan culture is a double-edged sword, as fan loyalty can become blind and toxic.

Incidents of celebrities being stalked by obsessive fans or being baited by other stars' fandoms have not been rare. There have also been reports of young, teenage fans stealing their parents' money and credit cards for frenzied buying sprees of products endorsed by their idols.

In May, videos surfaced online showing fans of the widely popular talent show, Youth With You, dumping out large quantities of milk, which had QR codes printed inside their bottle caps that allowed fans to vote for their favorite contestants. The clips drew strong public backlash, leading the Beijing municipal television authorities to suspend the show before its seasonal finale.

Wu Changchang, a communications professor from East China Normal University, says the milk-dumping scandal was closely associated with the show's capital operations.

"On the surface, the show gave fans the power to decide the winner of the contest. But in essence, it was about the platform and its sponsors making money," Wu says.

Zhang says: "When big platforms and money come into play, fan circles have become increasingly toxic, sparking antisocial behavior and, sometimes, even illegal activity. Regulations at the state level are necessary."

In June, the Cyberspace Administration of China, the country's cyberspace watchdog, launched a two-month campaign targeting rising problems related to fan circles, including online trolling, rumormongering and doxxing.

The administration stressed that it would clamp down on activities luring minors to vote for their idols or encouraging them to spend hefty sums and raise money to support stars.

The China Association of Performing Arts has also issued a notice warning people in the industry against raising money from fans for commercial purposes.

"The idols and their agencies should also guide fans to show how to provide rational support and abide by the law," Zhang says.

Zheng Ning, a professor from the Communication University of China, says more attention should be paid to the mental health of teenage fans. "We should provide them with more care, various activities and psychological consultation so that they can feel the warmth of life in the here and now," Zheng says.

Wen Ting (pseudonym), who used to work for an idol agency, says that she expects fan circles to play a more positive role once under better regulation.

"The highly organized and disciplined fan circles contributed a lot to the city of Wuhan's fight against COVID-19 after the outbreak last year, such as donating money and medical supplies," Wen says. "They will play a more important role in the future if well-managed and regulated."

粉丝文化在没有监管的情况下存在过度行为的风险

每天早上,陈雪都会在社交媒体上查看关于她的流行偶像罗以舟的最新消息,并收听她已经听过无数次的歌曲和音乐视频,以帮助提升他的排行榜和社交媒体排名。

这位来自中国东北辽宁省的 23 岁女孩自从今年年初在参加才艺比赛时迷上了罗以来,每天早上都这样做。

而陈并不孤单。

她一直积极参与社交网络应用 QQ 上的 1,000 名成员群聊。和陈一样的成员都是这位明星的铁杆粉丝,在整个比赛过程中都非常愿意花大价钱为他投票。他们还在网上发表正面评价,多次购买音乐会门票和专辑,并为他的广告牌进行众筹。

在中国社交媒体上,这样的粉丝团体通常被称为粉丝圈,或“粉丝圈”,高度组织化的一群热情、忠诚的粉丝,自愿利用他们的时间、金钱和专业知识打造自己的偶像,通常是崭露头角的流行歌手或演员,尽可能流行和有影响力。

据信,粉丝圈成员多为1995年后出生的Z世代,近年来人数大幅增长。根据中国互联网络信息中心最近的一份报告,2020 年,中国 1.83 亿年轻互联网用户中约有 8% 为他们的偶像从事提升声誉的活动。

“粉丝圈的兴起是可以理解的,因为它们满足了粉丝社交和自我实现的需求,”辽宁省社会科学院学者张思宁说。

张指出,粉丝圈让粉丝在偶像的塑造上有发言权,因为通过他们的努力,他们正在帮助自己的偶像获得名气和成功。

“作为粉丝,我们想尽一切努力帮助我们的偶像实现他或她的梦想,这会让我们开心,”陈说。

实际上,粉丝确实通过提升他们在社交媒体和评级平台上的排名来帮助他们的偶像开花和茁壮成长。在中国,高排名通常有助于明星赢得比赛,在电影和电视节目中扮演重要角色,并获得更好的代言协议。

然而,狂热的粉丝文化是一把双刃剑,因为粉丝忠诚会变得盲目和有毒。

名人被痴迷粉丝跟踪或被其他明星粉丝诱骗的事件并不少见。也有报道称,年轻的青少年粉丝偷了父母的钱和信用卡,疯狂购买偶像代言的产品。

今年 5 月,网络上出现了视频,显示广受欢迎的选秀节目《青春有你》的粉丝倾倒了大量牛奶,这些牛奶的瓶盖内印有二维码,让粉丝们可以为他们最喜欢的选手投票。这些片段引起了强烈的公众强烈反对,导致北京市电视当局在其季节性结局之前暂停该节目。

华东师范大学传播学教授吴长昌表示,倾奶丑闻与该节目的资本运作密切相关。

“从表面上看,该节目赋予了粉丝决定比赛获胜者的权力。但本质上,它是关于平台及其赞助商赚钱,”吴说。

张说:“当大平台和金钱发挥作用时,粉丝圈变得越来越有毒,引发反社会行为,有时甚至是非法活动。国家层面的监管是必要的。”

6 月,中国网络空间监管机构中国网信办发起了为期两个月的活动,针对与粉丝圈相关的日益严重的问题,包括在线拖钓、谣言和人肉搜索。

政府强调,将打击引诱未成年人为偶像投票或鼓励他们花费巨额资金支持明星的活动。

中国表演艺术协会也发出通知,警告业内人士不要为商业目的向歌迷募款。

“偶像及其经纪公司也应该引导粉丝展示如何提供理性支持和遵守法律,”张说。

中国传媒大学教授郑宁表示,应该更加关注青少年粉丝的心理健康。 “我们应该为他们提供更多的关怀、丰富多彩的活动和心理咨询,让他们在此时此地感受到生活的温暖,”郑说。

曾在偶像经纪公司工作的文婷(化名)表示,她希望粉丝圈在监管得好后能发挥更积极的作用。

“去年爆发后,高度组织和纪律严明的粉丝圈为武汉市抗击 COVID-19 做出了很大贡献,例如捐赠金钱和医疗用品,”温说。 “如果管理和监管良好,它们将在未来发挥更重要的作用。”

二、核心词

(一)四级词汇

accord [??k??d] n. 协议,条约;符合,一致;v. 使受到,给予(某种待遇);(与……)一致,符合;vi. 符合;一致;

blossom [?bl?s?m] n. (树木的)花,花簇;开花,花期;v. 开花;成长,繁盛,兴旺;

□ commercial [k??m???l] adj. 商业的,商务的;商业化的,以获利为目的的;由广告商支付的;(化学制品)大量供应且纯度不高的;n. 电视广告,电台广告;

□ crush [kr??] v. 压坏,挤压变形;捣碎,碾成粉末;把……挤入,将……塞进(狭小的空间内);(使)变皱,起皱;制服,镇压;使心烦意乱,使消沉;n. 拥挤的人群;(对某人短暂的)热恋,迷恋;迷恋对象;果汁饮料;(牛,羊的)分群栏;

discipline [?d?s?pl?n] n. 纪律,风纪;惩罚,处分;训导,管教;训练,锻炼;自制力,自律能力;(尤指大学的)科目,学科;v. 惩罚,处分;训练,管教;

□ dump [d?mp] v. 倾倒;丢下;猛地放下;(向国外)倾销;随便堆放;与(某人)结束恋爱关系;(非正式)抛弃;(非正式)抛售;卸出(数据);(内存信息)转储;n. 垃圾场;废渣堆;矿山废石堆;(非正式)脏地方;军需品临时存放处;转储;

engage [?n?ɡe?d?] vt. 吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;攻击,与……开战;使啮合;vi. 从事;参与;答应,保证;

□ excess [?k?ses] n. 超过,过量;越轨行为,暴行;无节制,无度;(保险中的)免赔额;adj. 过多的,超额的;额外的,附加的;

□ fame [fe?m] n. 名誉,名气;v. 使闻名,使有名望;

□ influential [??nflu?en?l] adj. 有影响的;有势力的;n. 有影响力的人物;

□ issue [???u?; ??sju?] n. 问题;流出;期号;发行物;vt. 发行,发布;发给;放出,排出;vi. 发行;流出;造成……结果;传下;

□ launch [l??nt?] v. 发动,发起;上市,发行;使(船或舰)下水;发射(武器或宇宙飞船);启动(计算机程序);投出,用力扔出;使投身于(事业等);起飞,出海;n. (航天器的)发射;(产品的)上市;(事件的)发起;汽艇,游艇;(新产品,出版物)发布会,推介会;

□ loyal [?l???l] adj. 忠诚的,忠贞的;

□ loyalty [?l???lti] n. 忠诚;忠心;忠实;忠于…感情;

minor [?ma?n?(r)] adj. 未成年的;次要的;较小的;小调的;二流的;n. 未成年人;小调;辅修科目;vi. 辅修;

□ multiple [?m?lt?pl] adj. 多个的,多种的;多人共有的;影响身体许多部位的;n. 倍数;连锁商店;(电信)复联,复接;

□ psychological [?sa?k??l?d??kl] adj. 心理的,精神的;心理学的,关于心理学的;由焦虑(或悲伤)引起的,存在于心理上的;

□ rational [?r??n?l] adj. (想法、决定等)合理的,基于理性的;(人)理性的,理智的;富有理性的;(数)有理的,有理数的;n. 有理数;

□ regulate [?reɡjule?t] vt. 调节;规定;控制;校准;有系统地管理;

□ significant [s?ɡ?n?f?k?nt] adj. 显著的,相当数量的;重要的,意义重大的; 别有含义的,意味深长的;n. 象征,有意义的事物;

□ sin [s?n] n. 罪恶;罪孽;过失;vi. 犯罪;犯过失;vt. 犯罪;n. (Sin)(罗)西恩;(匈)欣;(柬、阿拉伯)辛;

□ spark [spɑ?k] n. 导火线,诱因;火花,火星;电火花;一丝,略微;生气,活力,才华;愤怒的情感,激烈的情绪;军队中对无线电报务员(或电工)的昵称(Sparks);生龙活虎的小伙子;(内燃机里火花塞的)放电;v. 引发,触发;产生火花(电火花);点燃;增加趣味(或活力、风味等);求婚;

□ suspend [s??spend] v. 暂停,中止;使暂停使用(或生效);使暂时停职(或停学等);延缓,推迟;悬,挂;悬浮,漂浮; (法官或法庭作出的)暂缓执行(判决);延留(和弦),延长(和音);vi. 悬浮;禁赛;

□ thrive [θra?v] v. 茁壮成长,兴旺,繁荣;(尤指在别人觉得困难的时候)以……为乐,可以出色应对;

□ warn [w??n] vt. 警告,提醒;通知;vi. 发出警告,发出预告;

□ zealous [?zel?s] adj. 热心的,热情的,积极的;
(二)六级词汇

□ boost [bu?st] v. 使增长,推动;宣扬,推广;n. 推动,促进;广告,宣扬;

□ clamp [kl?mp] v. (用夹具)夹紧,夹住;紧紧抓住,牢牢固定住;给(车辆)上夹钳;保持(电信号)电压极限在规定水平;n. 夹具,夹钳;车轮夹锁(用于锁住违章停放的车辆);

□ clip [kl?p] n. (塑料或金属的)夹子;回纹针;修剪;剪报;vt. 剪;剪掉;缩短;给…剪毛(或发)用别针别在某物上,用夹子夹在某物上;vi. 剪;修剪;剪下报刊上的文章(或新闻、图片等);迅速行动;用别针别在某物上,用夹子夹在某物上;

□ elevate [?el?ve?t] v. 提拔,提升;抬起,提起;提高,增加;使情绪高昂,使兴高采烈;

□ essence [?esns] n. 本质,要素;香精,香料;

□ expertise [?eksp???ti?z] n. 专长,专门技能(知识);专家的意见;

□ municipal [mju??n?s?pl] adj. 城市的,市政的;自治城市的,地方自治的;内政的;

□ outbreak [?a?tbre?k] n. (战争的)爆发;(疾病的)发作;

□ scandal [?sk?ndl] n. 丑行,丑闻;流言蜚语,谣言;(由丑闻引起的)反感,公愤;令人震惊(或反感)的事情;
(三)考研词汇

□ abide [??ba?d] vt. 忍受,容忍;停留;遵守;vi. 持续;忍受;停留;

□ bait [be?t] n. 饵;诱饵;诱惑物;被故意激怒;v. 上饵;故意激怒,招惹;(放犬)折磨或攻击(动物);

□ celebrity [s??lebr?ti] n. 名声,名望;名人,明星;

□ cyberspace [?sa?b?spe?s] n. (电子计算机创造的) 通讯、信息空间;

□ toxic [?t?ks?k] adj. 有毒的;中毒的;

(四)雅思词汇

consultation [?k?nsl?te??n] n. 商讨,磋商,磋商会议;咨询,就诊;查找,查阅;

□ contestant [k?n?test?nt] n. 参赛者,竞争者;争辩者;

□ endorse [?n?d??s] v. (公开)赞同,认可;(在广告中对某种产品)宣传,吹捧;(尤指在支票背面)签名,背书;(在驾驶执照上)记录违章事项;

□ pseudonym [?su?d?n?m; ?sju?d?n?m] n. 笔名;假名;

□ ranking [?r??k??] adj. 上级的;头等的;超群的;n. 等级;地位;v. 排列;归类于(rank的ing形式);

□ related [r??le?t?d] adj. 有关系的,有关联的;讲述的,叙述的;v. 叙述(relate过去式);

(五)托福词汇

□ countless [?ka?ntl?s] adj. 无数的,数不尽的;

□ frenzy [?frenzi] n. 狂怒,暴怒,狂暴;v. 使发狂,使狂怒;

□ passionate [?p???n?t] adj. 热诚的,狂热的;热恋的,情意绵绵的;易怒的;

□ realization [?ri??la??ze??n; ?r??la??ze??n] n. 认识,领悟;(目标等的)实现;变现,变卖;兑谱,改编;(语言特征的)体现;货物销售;发声,(戏剧)演出,设计成果;

□ seasonal [?si?z?nl] adj. 季节的;当令的,合时宜的;与季节有关的,随季节变化的;

(六)超难词汇

□ billboard [?b?lb??d] n. 广告牌;布告板;vt. 宣传;介绍;

□ backlash [?b?kl??] n. 反冲;强烈抵制;vt. 强烈反对;发生后冲;

□ diehard [?da?hɑ?d] adj. 顽固的,因循守旧的;n. 顽固分子,死硬派;

□ understandable [??nd??st?nd?bl] adj. 可以理解的;可以了解的;

□ teenage [?ti?ne?d?] adj. 青少年的;十几岁的;n. 青少年时期;

□ crowdfund vt.众筹,集资;

□ antisocial [??nti?s???l] adj. 反社会的;扰乱社会的;不爱交际的;n. 违背社会公德的人;反社会者;

□ obsessive [?b?ses?v] adj. 痴迷的,强迫性的,过分的;易受困扰的,易着迷的;

□ endorsement [?n?d??sm?nt] n. 背书,票据签字;(驾驶执照上的)违章记录;(说明不予理赔或变更细节的)保险单附加条款;赞同,支持;(为某产品或服务所做的)宣传,代言;

□ watchdog [?w?t?d?ɡ] n. 看门狗;监察人;vt. 监督(活动,人等);

□ increasing [?n?kri?s??] adj. 越来越多的,渐增的;v. 增长,增强,增大(increase 的现在分词形式);

□ rumormonger ['ru?m?,m??ɡ?] n. 造谣者;散布谣言者;

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